Acid-base / Electrolytes Disturbances & Abnormalities
Urine testing is important because it can detect acid–base imbalances. If the diabetes remains uncontrolled, the kidneys could become over-stressed and malfunction, which could lead to coma or death.
The kidneys have two very important roles in maintaining the acid–base balance:
- They reabsorb bicarbonate from urine.
- They excrete hydrogen ions into urine.
Within the human body, fluids such as blood must be maintained within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45, making it slightly alkaline. Outside that range, pH becomes incompatible with life; proteins are denatured and digested, enzymes lose their ability to function, and the body is unable to sustain itself.
To maintain this narrow range of pH the body has a powerful buffering system. Acid–base imbalances that overcome this system are compensated in the short term by changing the rate of ventilation.